Camera Campo of View
Understanding Lens Angles
Learn Sobre FOVCampo of view (FOV) é o angle of o scene your camera captures. Understanding FOV helps choose o right lens for landscapes, portraits, ou action—e explains por que o mesmo focal length produces diferente results on diferente cameras.
Lens Categories by Campo of View
| Category | Focal Comprimento (FF) | Diagonal FOV | Typical Usar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fisheye | 8-16mm | 180-100° | Creative, action cams |
| Ultra-wide | 14-24mm | 114-84° | Architecture, landscapes |
| Wide-angle | 24-35mm | 84-63° | Street, environmental |
| Padrão | 40-60mm | 57-40° | General purpose |
| Short telephoto | 70-105mm | 34-23° | Portraits |
| Medium telephoto | 135-200mm | 18-12° | Sports, events |
| Super telephoto | 300-800mm | 8-3° | Wildlife, astronomy |
Focal lengths shown são for full-frame (35mm) sensors.
Sensor Size e Crop Fator
O mesmo focal length produces diferente FOV on diferente sensor sizes.
Comuns Sensor Sizes
| Format | Dimensions | Crop Fator |
|---|---|---|
| Medium Format | 44×33mm (typical) | 0.79× |
| Full Frame (35mm) | 36×24mm | 1.0× |
| APS-C (Canon) | 22.3×14.9mm | 1.6× |
| APS-C (Nikon/Sony) | 23.5×15.6mm | 1.5× |
| Micro Four Thirds | 17.3×13mm | 2.0× |
| 1-inch | 13.2×8.8mm | 2.7× |
| Smartphone (typical) | ~6×4.5mm | ~6× |
Equivalente Focal Comprimento
Equivalente FL = Actual FL × Crop Fator
A 50mm lens on APS-C (1.5×) gives o mesmo FOV as a 75mm on full-frame.
FOV Measurements
Campo of view can be measured in three ways:
Diagonal FOV
- Corner to corner of o frame
- Largest angle medição
- A maioria commonly cited specification
Horizontal FOV
- Side to side of o frame
- Importante for panoramas e video
- Sobre 80% of diagonal for 3:2 format
Vertical FOV
- Top to bottom of o frame
- Smallest of o three
- Sobre 54% of diagonal for 3:2 format
Exemplo: 50mm on Full Frame
- Diagonal: 46.8°
- Horizontal: 39.6°
- Vertical: 27.0°
Video e Cinema FOV
Video aplicações often specify horizontal FOV.
Comuns Video FOVs
- Ultra-wide (GoPro): 120-170° diagonal
- Wide: 90-100° diagonal
- Linear (corrected): 80-90° diagonal
- Medium: 65-75° diagonal
- Narrow: 50-60° diagonal
Aspect Ratio Impact
- Wider aspect ratios (21:9) têm larger horizontal FOV
- Mesmo diagonal FOV covers diferente horizontal area
- Anamorphic lenses create wide FOV com diferente characteristics
VR e Gaming FOV
Virtual reality headsets prioritize immersion through wide FOV.
VR Headset FOVs
- Early VR: 90-100°
- Corrente mainstream: 100-120°
- High-end: 120-140°
- Human peripheral: ~180° (o goal)
Gaming FOV Settings
- Lower FOV (60-75°): Menos distortion, feels "zoomed in"
- Padrão FOV (90°): Comuns default
- Higher FOV (100-120°): Mais peripheral awareness, alguns distortion
- Personal preference e monitor distance affect ideal setting
Security Cameras
Security camera specifications emphasize coverage area.
Typical Security Camera FOVs
- Wide-angle: 90-120° (room coverage)
- Padrão: 60-90° (hallways, entries)
- Narrow: 30-60° (specific areas)
- PTZ range: Variable, often 60° to 2°
Coverage Calculation
At distance D, horizontal coverage width:
Width = 2 × D × tan(HFOV/2)
Exemplo: 90° HFOV at 10m covers 20m width
Calculando FOV
De Focal Comprimento e Sensor Size
Diagonal FOV = 2 × arctan(diagonal / (2 × focal length))
Exemplo: 35mm Full Frame
- Sensor diagonal: √(36² + 24²) = 43.27mm
- Focal length: 35mm
- FOV = 2 × arctan(43.27 / 70) = 2 × arctan(0.618) = 63.4°
Finding Focal Comprimento for Desired FOV
Focal length = sensor size / (2 × tan(FOV/2))
Conclusão
Campo of view é o angular extent captured by a camera, determined by ambos focal length e sensor size. Wide FOV lenses (short focal length) capture expansive scenes but com potential distortion; narrow FOV lenses (long focal length) isolate subjects com background compression. Understanding crop factors é essential quando comparing lenses across diferente camera systems. FOV specifications são important across photography, videography, VR, gaming, e security aplicações.